When and why have a pelvic exam?

Taking care of your gynecological and sexual health is essential for every woman, whatever your age or medical history. The pelvic examination is an essential step in monitoring a woman’s health. It can raise many questions.

Understanding its importance, knowing when to make an appointment and why it’s necessary, makes it easier to understand. Read our article to find out more:

• What is a pelvic exam?
• At what age should I have a pelvic exam?
• Why should I have one?
• Where can I have a gynecological examination?

What is a pelvic examination?

The pelvic examination is a clinical evaluation of the female reproductive organs, including vagina, uterus, ovaries and cervix. It is performed by a gynecologist or other qualified women’s health professional (nurse, midwife, family physician, etc.). The main purpose of the pelvic exam is to check the health of these organs, detect any abnormalities and address any concerns the patient may have.

The procedure generally includes an external examination (external observation of the vulva, etc.), an internal examination including a vaginal touch, and sometimes a Pap smear or HPV test. The gynecological examination also assesses symptoms, such as pelvic pain, abnormal discharge or irregular bleeding.

When should I have my first gynecological check-up?

The first gynecological examination is an important step in a young woman’s life. It is generally recommended to schedule this appointment around the age of 21, or as soon as the person is sexually active¹. The examination can be scheduled earlier if specific symptoms appear, such as persistent pain, unusual discharge or menstrual cycle abnormalities.

The first visit is important because it helps the patient establish a relationship of trust with her doctor, which is essential for effective follow-up. It’s also an opportunity to ask any questions she may have about her body, or to discuss any gynecological concerns.

When should I have a follow-up examination?

The frequency of gynecological examinations depends on a number of factors, including your age, medical history and personal risk. In general, an annual pelvic examination is recommended to monitor reproductive health and detect possible disorders such as cervical cancer or STIs. However, some physicians may adjust this frequency according to your individual needs.

Pregnant women, for example, or those at higher risk of uterine cancer, may need to be seen more regularly. Talk to your doctor about the recommended frequency.

Apart from these routine examinations, it’s important to consult your doctor as soon as unusual symptoms appear, such as pain, abnormal bleeding or visible lesions.

At what age do I stop needing a gynecological examination?

Gynecological check-ups remain important throughout life, including after the menopause. After the age of 65, the frequency of pelvic examinations can be reduced if the results of Pap smears are normal and the patient has no particular risk factors. However, it is essential to continue monitoring gynecological aspects, such as menopausal disorders or pelvic pain.

Even after menstruation has stopped, certain conditions, such as ovarian cancer or pelvic prolapse, can still occur. It is therefore advisable to maintain a gynecological follow-up according to your specific needs and your doctor’s recommendations.

Why have a pelvic examination?

A woman should consider regular gynecological check-ups throughout her life, to preserve her reproductive, sexual and general health.

Preventive health

A regular gynecological check-up helps to monitor the general health of the reproductive system and detects the first signs of various gynecological health problems, such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), uterine fibroids, pelvic infections, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), genital prolapse and ovarian cysts. Early detection can help prevent serious long-term complications. Your gynecologist may prescribe additional tests to confirm a diagnosis.

Cancer screening

The HPV test (or Pap test) is essential for detecting cervical cancer². It is performed by taking a sample of cells from the cervix, also known as a “Pap smear”. Since 2024, the HPV test has gradually replaced the Pap test in Quebec. Find out more.

A swab can also help detect ovarian or vaginal cancer.

Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections

A gynecological examination may include tests for STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea and HIV. Early detection of these infections is crucial to avoid serious complications, such as infertility or pelvic inflammatory disease, and to protect your sexual partners. Book an appointment for screening.

Contraception

Discussing contraceptive options is an integral part of the gynecological examination. The doctor can help choose the most suitable method for each patient, taking into account her needs and state of health. Some contraceptive methods, such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) or implants, require professional insertion and removal. In addition, a gynecologist can check the effectiveness of your contraception, manage side effects and make adjustments if necessary.

Reproductive health and fertility

For women who wish to have a baby, a pelvic exam can diagnose conditions that could affect fertility, such as cysts or fibroids, and discuss the options available in the event of difficulties conceiving. The health professional can answer any questions about reproductive health and offer appropriate advice.

Managing the menopause

Menopause can bring about changes in the body, such as vaginal dryness, pain during intercourse or recurrent infections. A pelvic examination allows us to assess symptoms and discuss possible treatments to improve quality of life. It can also be used to monitor the evolution of certain diseases more common at menopause, such as vaginal prolapse.

Consult a gynecologist in Montreal

Whether you need a routine check-up, screening or have questions about sexual health, our gynecologists, doctors and nurses are on hand to answer all your concerns. Don’t wait for symptoms to appear before making an appointment; prevention is the best way to preserve women’s health.